Temperament
Novelty Seeking - Anger, Behavioral Activation
Novelty Seeking reflects a heritable bias in the initiation or activation of appetitive approach in response to novelty, approach to signals of reward, active avoidance of conditioned signals of punishment, and skilled escape from unconditioned punishment. All four of these behaviors are hypothesized to covary as part of one heritable system of learning (Cloninger, 1987). They are observed as exploratory activity in response to novelty, impulsiveness, extravagance in approach to cues of reward, and active avoidance of frustration. Individuals high in Novelty Seeking are quick-tempered, curious, easily bored, impulsive, extravagant, and disorderly. Adaptive advantages of high Novelty Seeking are enthusiastic exploration of new and unfamiliar stimuli, potentially leading to originality, discoveries, and reward. The disadvantages are frequent and easy boredom, excessive impulsivity and angry outbursts, potential fickleness in relationships, and impressionism in efforts.
Persons low in Novelty Seeking are slow tempered, uninquiring, stoical, reflective, frugal, reserved, tolerant of monotony, and orderly. Their reflectiveness, stoical resilience, systematic efforts, and meticulous approach are clearly advantageous when these features are adaptively needed. The disadvantages reflect an uninquiring attitude, lack of enthusiasm, and tolerance of monotony, potentially leading to prosaic routinization of activities.